在撒哈拉以南非洲的母乳养儿童中,发育迟缓的空间分布
Bekahegn Girma1, Lealem Dibku Sasahu2, Azizur Rahman3
1School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
PloS one
|June 13, 2025
概括
儿童发育迟缓仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 的一个关键的公共卫生问题. 这项研究揭示了发育迟缓的显著空间变化,中东非洲的热点,需要有针对性的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 空间流行病学 空间流行病学
- 儿童营养 儿童营养
背景情况:
- 营养不良,特别是发育迟缓,是撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 的主要公共卫生问题,影响数百万儿童.
- 迟缓对身体,社会和认知发育有不利的长期影响.
- 尽管全球各方都在努力,但SSA的发育迟缓率仍然很高,区域差异很大.
研究的目的:
- 调查撒哈拉以南非洲哺乳儿童中发育迟缓的空间分布.
- 确定发育迟缓负担较高的地区,以指导有针对性的公共卫生干预措施.
- 为了解决在SSA层面上缺乏关于衰老的空间流行病学研究的问题.
主要方法:
- 利用来自31个南亚国家人口和健康调查数据,其中包括174,586名母乳养儿童.
- 采用地理信息系统和空间分析 (Getis-Ord Gi*,全球莫兰的I) 来评估衰退的集群和模式.
- 应用空间插值 (Kriging) 来预测未采样地区的衰减率.
主要成果:
- 发育迟缓的患病率在SSA之间差异很大,从17.63%到53.68%不等.
- 在马达加斯加,布隆迪和刚果民主共和国,发育迟缓率最高.
- 发现了显著的衰减集群,其中包括中东非洲的热点 (例如,埃塞俄比亚,刚果民主共和国) 和南非的冷点 (例如,纳米比亚,南非).
结论:
- 突出显著的区域变异性在SSA中儿童中发育迟缓的流行率.
- 强调需要针对特定地区的公共卫生倡议,解决贫困,粮食不安全和获得医疗保健的问题.
- 强调加强地理空间监测系统对于资源分配和减轻负担的重要性.
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