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在吉尔和霍尔施泰因牛的选择签名

Larissa G Braga¹, Flávio S Schenkel², Tatiane C S Chud³

¹Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

Journal of dairy science

|June 13, 2025

概括

选择签名揭示了霍尔斯坦和吉尔牛品种之间的遗传多样性差异. 荷尔斯坦牛的多样性较低,而吉尔牛的多样性更高,其已识别的基因与重要的经济特征有关.

科学领域:

基因组学就是基因组学.
动物育种动物育种
人口遗传学人口遗传学

背景情况:

基因组上的选择特征表明了适应性和经济上重要的特征.
像霍尔斯坦这样的乳牛的密集选择可以减少遗传多样性,影响繁殖计划.
吉尔牛对于热带地区的牛奶生产至关重要,自1985年以来一直在进行选.

研究的目的:

评估荷尔斯坦 (HOL),印度吉尔 (GIR_IN) 和巴西乳牛吉尔 (GIR_BR) 牛的遗传多样性.
描述这些牛群中的选择特征.
识别与经济重要特征相关的选择中的基因.

主要方法:

使用核酸多样性,变异密度,小等位基因频率,异构性和近亲繁殖系数评估遗传多样性.
使用塔吉马的D,综合性单双型得分 (iHS),固定指数和自体和X染色体的跨种群扩展单双型同胞性测试来识别选择特征.
分析了包括DNAJC18,FSHR,HELB,HMGA2,PLAG1,GAB3和PTEN在内的特定基因.

主要成果:

与印度和巴西吉尔牛相比,霍尔斯坦牛群的遗传多样性较低.
在GIR_IN和GIR_BR种群中观察到更大的遗传多样性.
识别的选择特征确定了与生长,繁殖,乳腺炎,乳生产,耐热,健康和适应相关的基因.

结论:

由于密集的选择,霍尔斯坦牛的遗传多样性减少.
吉尔牛种群保持更高的遗传多样性,这对于热带适应和牛奶生产至关重要.
选择中的鉴定基因提供了对乳牛经济重要特征的遗传基础的见解.

关键词:

遗传多样性遗传多样性牛奶牛奶牛奶牛奶选择签名选择签名选择性的扫除选择性的扫除

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