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相关概念视频

Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to...
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    本研究介绍了一种可扩展的方法,使用2D SEM成像来评估光子集成电路 (PIC) 中的光学损失. 该技术准确地估计了波导侧壁的粗度,在可见波长下实现了创纪录的0.075 dB/cm的低损失.

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    科学领域:

    • 光子学和材料科学 材料科学
    • 光电学和集成电路 集成电路
    • 纳米技术和表面科学 纳米技术和表面科学

    背景情况:

    • 光子集成电路 (PIC) 对高性能光电子设备至关重要,但波导粗性造成的光损耗限制了它们的效率.
    • 像原子力显微镜 (AFM) 这样的现有方法用于粗度测量是昂贵的,并且不能用于工业应用.
    • 侧墙粗度是散射损失的主要原因,在基于紫外线光刻技术的制造中,表面粗度通常大于表面粗度.

    研究的目的:

    • 开发和验证一种可扩展的方法,用于使用2D SEM成像来描述薄膜波导中的光学损失.
    • 为了将2D SEM图像分析中的分散损失估计与理论模型相关联.
    • 为在可见波长的波导中建立光学损失的新基准.

    主要方法:

    • 利用2D高分辨率扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 成像来评估波导的侧壁粗度.
    • 应用了理论的佩恩模型来估计基于二维图像的粗度配置文件的散射损失.
    • 在晶片上的自制化物和氧化物薄膜波导中具有特征的光学损失.

    主要成果:

    • 在24个波导装置中,在633 nm的基本横向电 (TE0) 模式下,实现了0.075 dB/cm的创纪录的低光学损失.
    • 在图像处理的边缘检测方面取得了100%的成功,从而能够准确地估计自相关函数和光学模式损失.
    • 展示了实验性损失测量和来自2D SEM图像分析的估计之间的强烈相关性.

    结论:

    • 2D SEM成像提供了一种可扩展和有效的方法来描述波导侧壁粗度,并估计PIC中的光学损失.
    • 开发的方法为优化制造过程提供了宝贵的见解,以最大限度地减少光学损失.
    • 这项工作为在PIC制造中高效的晶圆尺度损失表征铺平了道路.