信任在信息搜索中的情境依赖性作用
Hélène Van Marcke1, Kobe Desender2
1Brain & Cognition, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
Cognition
|June 15, 2025
概括
决策信心影响信息搜索,但这种关系是复杂的. 通过反或任务困难来操纵信心,对寻求更多证据产生了不同的影响,这表明信心和信息收集有不同的驱动因素.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 决策科学 决策科学
- 决策过程中的神经科学
背景情况:
- 人们普遍认为,决策信心推动了信息搜索,促使个人在做出选择之前收集更多证据.
- 之前的研究表明,信任水平与信息采样程度之间存在直接联系.
- 了解这种关系对于从人工智能到临床心理学等领域至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查实验诱导的缺乏信心和过度信心如何影响寻求信息的行为.
- 根据反与任务难度对信心操纵的影响进行区分.
- 探索试验水平的信心在信心和信息搜索之间的关系中扮演的调解角色.
主要方法:
- 使用感知歧视任务进行了两个预先注册的实验.
- 实验1使用比较反操纵来诱导不同程度的信心.
- 实验2在训练期间使用任务难度操纵来影响信心.
- 参与者评价了他们对决策的信心,并且在最终确定他们的选择之前可以选择寻求额外信息 (重新审核刺激).
主要成果:
- 观察到一个分离:比较反 (Exp.1) 直接调节信息,通过试验级别的信心寻找信息.
- 任务难度操纵 (Exp.2) 显示,虽然试验级别的信心指导了搜索,但总体信息搜索随着任务级别的信心不足而下降,独立于信心.
- 培训困难对信息搜索的影响是由明确的信任评级直接影响的.
结论:
- 决策信心和信息搜索之间的联系比以前假设的要细微.
- 自信和信息搜索可能会独立地受到诸如对过去绩效的信念和感知到任务难度等因素的影响.
- 研究结果强调了在研究信息搜索行为时考虑信心操纵的来源的重要性.
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