西班牙艾滋病毒感染者的自我认知耻辱:一种混合方法研究
Yelson Alejandro Picón-Jaimes1, Ivan David Lozada-Martínez2, Mar Rosàs Tosas1
1Blanquerna-School of Health Sciences-Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain.
Le infezioni in medicina
|June 16, 2025
概括
在医疗机构中,对艾滋病毒感染者的耻辱仍然存在,这影响了获得护理的机会. 虽然内化的耻辱感很低,但预期和经历的歧视仍然存在,需要改善教育和同情心.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 医学社会学 医学社会学
背景情况:
- 对艾滋病毒感染者 (PLWH) 的耻辱仍然是获得医疗保健的重大障碍,原因是无知和不充分的培训.
- 针对PLWH的医疗保健歧视因环境和提供者背景而异,需要有针对性的干预措施.
- 自我感知的耻辱显著影响了PLWH的医疗保健利用和患者体验.
研究的目的:
- 探索西班牙艾滋病毒感染者所经历的自我认知的耻辱感.
- 评估耻辱对获得医疗保健和患者与医疗服务提供者的互动的影响.
- 确定影响西班牙医疗保健系统中PLWH中耻辱程度的因素.
主要方法:
- 一种混合方法的方法,结合了验证的问卷和半结构面试.
- 在西班牙通过社交媒体和公开公告招募525名艾滋病毒感染者.
- 量化数据的统计分析和面试成绩单的定性编码,以分析耻辱程度和经历.
主要成果:
- 内化耻辱是低的,大多数参与者拒绝负面的自我认知.
- 预期和经历的耻辱是普遍存在的,特别是在医疗保健机构,表现为歧视和忽视.
- 医疗保健提供者避免身体接触和过度使用障碍是报告的行为;耻辱感随着年龄和诊断后的时间而降低,但在非二进制个体中更高.
结论:
- 尽管内化污名很低,但PLWH在医疗保健中面临着严重的预期和经历过的歧视.
- 无人性待遇和毫无根据的恐惧会导致耻辱,强调需要加强教育和意识.
- 培养尊重,同情的护理需要解决提供者的无知,并促进对艾滋病毒的理解.
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