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基于SeqSNP的基因标志物揭示了热带玉米内生系中低耐受性的遗传结构和候选基因

Pearl Abu¹, Baffour Badu-Apraku², Beatrice Elohor Ifie^1,3

¹West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

Frontiers in plant science

|June 16, 2025

概括

研究人员确定了玉米中低耐受性的关键遗传标记,这对于改善撒哈拉以南非洲作物产量至关重要. 这些发现将有助于用于增强玉米育种计划的标记器辅助选择.

科学领域:

植物遗传学和育种植物遗传学和育种
农业科学农业科学
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 的玉米产量受到土壤低的严重限制,影响了粮食安全.
开发具有增强低耐受性的玉米品种对于改善受影响地区农业生产率至关重要.
识别定量特征位点 (QTL) 和相关的遗传标记物对于热带玉米生殖质中有效的标记器辅助选择 (MAS) 是必不可少的.

研究的目的:

鉴定热带玉米中与低耐受性相关的定量特征位点 (QTL) 和候选基因.
开发和利用基因向标记 (GTM) 来自基于序列的单核酸多态 (SeqSNPs) 来进行标记辅助选择 (MAS).
分析种群结构并确定与玉米中低耐受性特征相关的显著单核酸多态 (SNP).

主要方法:

使用2500个SeqSNP针对已知低耐受性基因的150个超早期质量蛋白玉米 (QPM) 杂交线的基因定型.
在低 (LN) 和高 (HN) 条件下对近血统的表型评估.
种群结构分析和关联映射以确定与低耐受性指数 (LNBI,LNTI) 和谷物产量相关的显著SNP.

主要成果:

关联映射确定了15个与关键特征相关的显著SNP,包括低基指数 (LNBI) 和低耐受性指数 (LNTI).
两个与LNTI相关的SNP与GRMZM2G077863共同定位,这是GDSL雌激酶/脂酶家族基因,在年轻的苗木根中高度表达.
一个标记物 (PZE-103012466) 与GRMZM2G380319共同定位,此前与根延长有关,被提议作为培养低土壤耐受性的有价值工具.

结论:

来自SeqSNP的基因向标记物有效地识别了与玉米中低耐受性相关的遗传位置.
确定了几种参与生长,根架构和发育的候选基因,为遗传改进提供了目标.
标记物PZE-103012466显示了标记物辅助选择 (MAS) 的希望,以增强热带玉米生殖质中的低耐受性.

关键词:

这是一个SeqSNP.候选基因是指候选基因的基因.基因向标记物的基因向标记物高土壤的高土壤.土壤中含量低的土壤.玉米玉米玉米是一种人口结构人口结构.

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