人工智能用于临床决策支持和预测不良事件
S P Oei1, T H G F Bakkes1, M Mischi1
1Biomedical Diagnostics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Frontiers in digital health
|June 16, 2025
概括
将人工智能 (AI) 整合到医疗保健中,以预测不良事件,为临床决策支持 (CDS) 提供了潜力. 解决数据偏差和确保模型可解释性对于安全有效的AI实施至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健技术 技术 医疗保健 技术
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 临床决策支持系统 临床决策支持系统
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 显示出预测医疗保健中不良事件的前景,增强临床决策支持 (CDS).
- 然而,存在重大挑战,包括数据偏差和缺乏可解释性,这可能会阻碍AI的概括性和可信度.
- 潜在的风险,如医疗保健从业人员的非培训,也需要谨慎的整合策略.
研究的目的:
- 审查人工智能在医疗保健中的整合,以预测不良事件.
- 识别和讨论与基于AI的CDS相关的挑战,重点关注数据偏差和模型可解释性.
- 突出降低风险和确保道德,安全和有效的人工智能实施的战略.
主要方法:
- 对医疗保健中人工智能应用的当前文献的审查,以预测不良事件.
- 在AI数据采集和培训阶段分析常见偏见.
- 检查偏差缓解技术,模型解释性和监管方面的考虑.
主要成果:
- 数据偏差,包括人口转移和稀缺性,威胁到AI-CDS算法的通用性.
- 人工智能培训可以引入导致装配不足或装配过多的偏见,需要规范化技术.
- 人工智能模型中缺乏可解释性,引发了人们对信任和透明度的担忧.
结论:
- 解决数据质量,预处理和模型培训对于医疗保健中可靠的AI至关重要.
- 透明的算法,严格的测试和外部验证对于减轻偏见和确保通用性至关重要.
- 平衡人工智能与人类判断的整合以及建立适应性监管框架是道德和安全的人工智能采用的关键.
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