转变贸易以实现疫苗公平:政策差距和障碍
Toby Pepperrell1, Meri Koivusalo2, Liz Grant1
1Global Health Academy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
PLOS global public health
|June 16, 2025
概括
COVID-19大流行凸显了全球卫生安全方面的差距,揭示了疫苗公平是关键需求,国际贸易是关键决定因素. 本研究分析了自由贸易协定 (FTA),以确定实现疫苗公平的政策行动.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 国际贸易法 国际贸易法
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- COVID-19大流行暴露了全球卫生应对机制的严重缺陷,并强调了疫苗公平作为一个至关重要的关注点.
- 国际贸易政策被确定为重要的健康商业决定因素 (CDH),影响到疫苗的公平获取.
- 可持续发展目标 (SDGs) 仍然受到全球卫生结果持续不平等的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 分析有关自由贸易协定 (FTA) 的利益相关方文献及其与疫苗接种和疫苗公平的交叉关系.
- 确定政策建议,以重塑贸易关系,以促进疫苗公平.
- 阐明当前贸易范式中关于疫苗获取的差距和潜在行动.
主要方法:
- 系统地搜索在线图书馆的文献,寻找有关自由贸易协定,疫苗接种和疫苗公平的文件 (01/01/2010-31/03/2022).
- 权利,监管和再分配 (3R) 框架的应用与系统分析和杆点相结合.
- 将建议分类为技术机制,协作和适应机制以及疫苗公平性决定因素 (DVE),可视化在系统地图上.
主要成果:
- 在分析的文献中,没有发现系统变革的连贯策略.
- 在自由贸易协定中,关于疫苗公平的技术建议被发现是反应性的,重复性的,缺乏执法或激励.
- 在制定合作机制以民主化FTA政策制定和解决疫苗不平等的根本决定因素方面存在重大差距.
结论:
- 目前的国际贸易范式使疫苗不平等持续存在,需要在FTA谈判和实施方面进行根本性改变.
- 优先考虑健康权而不是贸易协定,包括通过对基本技术的TRIPS豁免,对于全球卫生安全至关重要.
- 新技术和多边组织必须积极致力于为新出现的,被忽视的和非传染性疾病提供公平的疫苗.
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