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相关概念视频

Language Development01:22

Language Development

462
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
462
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

466
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
466
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

280
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
280
Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

179
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
179
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

138
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
138

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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
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发育性语言障碍儿童的词语学习:在共享阅读书籍时使用检索实践.

Sofia Souto1, Laurence B Leonard2, Patricia Deevy2

  • 1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
|June 16, 2025
PubMed
概括

在共享阅读书籍期间的检索实践可以改善发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的儿童的词汇学习. 这种方法增强了新词及其含义的回忆,为DLD干预提供了一种实际的方法.

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科学领域:

  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 语音和语言病理学 语言病理学
  • 教育心理学教育心理学

背景情况:

  • 患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的儿童经常在学习单词方面遇到挑战.
  • 检索实践,一个涉及回忆信息的学习策略,在受控环境中对词汇获取有好处.
  • 将实验室发现的检索实践转化为现实世界的教育活动,例如共享阅读书籍,对于实际应用至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在一个共享的书阅读环境中调查检索实践对儿童单词学习的有效性.
  • 将检索实践与重复学习方法进行比较,以促进学习新的词形和含义.
  • 评估这种学习策略对DLD儿童和典型语言发育 (TD) 儿童的影响.

主要方法:

  • 13名DLD儿童和14名TD儿童参与了这项研究.
  • 参与者在两个条件下学习了儿童图书中的八个新词:重复间隔检索 (RSR) 和重复学习 (RS).
  • 在学习课程结束5分钟和1周后,对单词学习进行了评估,评估了单词形式和含义的回忆和识别.

主要成果:

  • 与RS条件相比,DLD和TD组在RSR条件下对新词的回忆能力更强.
  • 对RSR的这种优势在单词形式和它们的含义上都被观察到.
  • 虽然TD的儿童在回忆和识别方面总体上表现优于DLD的儿童,但两组儿童在一周后都表现出持续的单词形式回忆.

结论:

  • 将检索实践整合到共享的阅读活动中,可以显著提高儿童的词汇学习.
  • 这些发现支持使用检索实践作为一个有价值的工具,以支持儿童的语言发展,特别是那些与DLD.
  • 进一步的研究应该继续探索和完善自然主义学习环境中的检索实践方法.