患有腹腔关节突变的儿童的非最佳免疫接种-我们能做得更好吗?
Emily Elliott1, Tamasine McGeown1, Sonya Stacey1,2
1Pharmacy Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Journal of paediatrics and child health
|June 17, 2025
概括
患有腹腔关节 (VP) 突变的儿童的免疫率低于最佳,特别是对于肺炎球菌疫苗. 这增加了他们感染疫苗可预防的风险,需要为这个脆弱群体制定更好的策略.
科学领域:
- 儿科神经学 儿科神经学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 患有腹腔关节 (VP) 突变的儿童被认为具有感染风险增加.
- 澳大利亚国家免疫计划 (NIP) 提供了疫苗接种计划,并为风险群体提供了额外的建议,包括肺炎球菌疫苗.
- 评估这一特定儿科队列的免疫覆盖率对于了解他们对疫苗可预防疾病的脆弱性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 根据澳大利亚NIP计划,评估患有VP冲刺的儿童的免疫状况.
- 评估该队列中额外推的肺炎球菌免疫接种 (13-valent肺炎球菌合疫苗和23-valent肺炎球菌多糖类疫苗).
- 为了确定侵袭性肺炎球菌病 (IPD) 的患病率在患有VP的儿童中.
主要方法:
- 在5年的时间里,使用电子医疗记录 (EMR) 的外科代码识别了患有VP突变的儿童.
- 免疫状态和IPD患病率通过访问EMR和2022年6月的澳大利亚免疫记录来确定.
- 数据分析的重点是将疫苗接种率与NIP建议进行比较,并确定IPD病例.
主要成果:
- 在207名VP分路器的儿童中,86%的儿童已经接受了标准的NIP免疫接种.
- 只有40%接受了额外的13肺炎球菌合疫苗 (13vPCV),23肺炎球菌多糖体疫苗 (23vPPV) 的吸收率为第一剂的55%,第二剂的25%.
- 总体而言,25%的人接受了所有符合条件的额外肺炎球菌免疫接种. 报告了两例IPD病例,两者都发生在免疫功能低下的儿童身上.
结论:
- 患有VP的儿童常规疫苗的免疫覆盖率低于国家水平.
- 在这个风险群体中,额外的肺炎球菌免疫接种量不足于最佳水平,可能会增加他们对感染的易感性.
- 需要有针对性的策略来提高VP突变的儿童免疫完整性,以减轻风险.
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