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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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An ex-ovo Chicken Embryo Culture System Suitable for Imaging and Microsurgery Applications
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胚胎体作为探索早期人类胚胎发育的模型系统.

Daria I Zhigalina1, Evgeny V Denisov2,3, Igor N Lebedev4

  • 1Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ushaika Street 10, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.

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概括

来自多能干细胞的胚胎体 (EBs) 密切地复制了早期人类胚胎发育. 这些EB为研究胚胎发生提供了一个强大的模型,推进了生殖遗传学和医学.

关键词:
胚胎体是一个胚胎体.胚胎发育过程中的胚胎.诱导的多能干细胞干细胞模型系统模型系统.单细胞测序是一种单细胞测序.转录组 转录组就是一个转录组.

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科学领域:

  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学
  • 生殖医学 生殖医学

背景情况:

  • 胚胎体 (EBs) 是多能干细胞的三维聚合物.
  • 它们模仿植入后胚胎发育的早期阶段.
  • 了解EB的形成和特性对于发育研究至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 审查关于胚胎体 (EBs) 的当前知识.
  • 评估EBs作为人类胚胎发育的模型.
  • 在EB模型中比较胚胎干细胞 (ESC) 和诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC).

主要方法:

  • 文献综述和对胚胎体现有概念的分析.
  • 收集和分析EB特征和干细胞特性数据.
  • 对ESC和iPSC衍生的EB模型进行比较分析.

主要成果:

  • 来自多能干细胞的EBs有效地模拟了植入后人类胚胎发育.
  • 对比分析突出了ESC与iPSC模型的优点和局限性.
  • 总结了人类和小鼠EBs中有限的单细胞RNA测序研究.

结论:

  • 胚胎体代表了一种有价值的体外模型,用于研究早期人类胚胎发生.
  • 这种模型系统具有在生殖遗传学和医学领域取得重大进展的巨大潜力.