人工智能和瘤学的决策:对道德,法律和知情同意的挑战进行审查
Eliza-Maria Froicu1,2, Ioana Creangă-Murariu3,4,5,6, Vlad-Adrian Afrăsânie7,1
1Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
Current oncology reports
|June 17, 2025
概括
瘤学中的人工智能 (AI) 提高了治疗精度,但也带来了伦理挑战. 解决透明度,问责制和知情同意等问题对于负责任的AI整合到癌症护理中至关重要.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 卫生法 法律 卫生法
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 越来越多地被整合到瘤学中,用于临床决策支持.
- 人工智能为癌症护理中提高治疗精度和个性化医疗提供了潜力.
- 然而,人工智能实施引发了重大的伦理,法律和知情同意问题.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查与AI整合在瘤治疗决策中的伦理,法律和知情同意问题.
- 检查人工智能在癌症护理中的影响,重点关注最重要的实施挑战.
主要方法:
- 在PROSPERO (CRD420251046482) 中注册的PRISMA 2020指南的系统审查.
- 在PubMed,Embase和Cochrane中央图书馆的综合文献搜索 (2015年1月 - 2025年5月).
- 包括关于人工智能支持瘤学决策的研究,其道德,法律或知情同意的含义.
主要成果:
- 包括15项研究,突出了AI在治疗建议,个性化剂量和患者管理中的作用.
- 确定的关键问题包括算法透明度,问责制,数据隐私和患者对AI的理解.
- 人工智能在瘤学中的整合需要解决伦理和法律问题,以确保安全和公平的部署.
结论:
- 人工智能具有推动瘤护理的巨大潜力,但需要仔细考虑道德和法律框架.
- 开发强大的知情同意模型,减轻偏见,并建立明确的问责制是必不可少的.
- 未来的研究应该专注于在瘤学中负责任地采用人工智能的伦理准则和监管机制,保护患者的自主权.
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