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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine
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高效的生物合成O3-Chloro-2-propenyl) hydroxylamine通过结构指导工程的去乙酶

Yinfeng Huang1,2, Xia Li1,2, Mengnan Han1,2

  • 1National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
|June 18, 2025
PubMed
概括

使用一种新的分区工程策略,改进了关键除草剂中间体的酶合成. 这种方法使催化效率提高了53倍,为clethodim提供了更可持续的生产途径.

关键词:
O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl) 基胺的氧化物.生物催化剂的生物催化剂脱乙酶的使用方法酶工程是指酶工程的工程.分子动力学模拟模拟

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Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
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Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
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Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
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Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
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Enamine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a secondary amine through a series of reactions. The mechanism begins with the generation of carbinolamine, a nucleophilic attack followed by several proton transfer reactions. The hydroxyl group of the carbinolamine is converted into water to make a better leaving group that can push the reaction forward by eliminating a water molecule. In enamine formation, the last step involves the abstraction of a proton from the α carbon to...
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