认知能力和执行功能作为自闭症谱系障碍和典型发育儿童学龄前儿童适应性行为的预测因素:一项比较研究
Barbara Rašková1, Margaréta Hapčová2, Hana Celušáková2
1Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, 811 08, Sasinkova 2, Slovak Republic. barbara.raskova@fmed.uniba.sk.
Research on child and adolescent psychopathology
|June 18, 2025
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童与通常发育的同龄人相比,表现出显著的执行功能和认知差异. 执行功能是患有自闭症的幼儿适应性行为的关键预测因素.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 与典型发育 (TD) 儿童相比,患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童在适应性功能,执行功能和智力能力方面表现出不同的模式.
- 现有的研究强调了执行功能和适应性行为之间的强烈相关性.
- 了解这些差异对于儿童早期的有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较ASD和他们的TD同龄人的非或极少口语学前儿童的认知能力,执行功能和适应性行为.
- 研究广泛的认知能力和执行功能的预测作用对这个人群的适应性行为.
主要方法:
- 这项研究包括53名 ASD (3-6岁) 的非或极少口语的学龄前儿童和79名TD同龄人.
- 使用了维尼兰适应性行为尺度,第三版;执行功能学前版本的行为评分清单;和SON-R 21⁄2-7智力测试.
- 检查认知能力和执行功能作为适应性行为的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 与TD对照组相比,患有ASD的学龄前儿童表现出显著的执行困难,特别是工作记忆,以及认知能力的显著差异.
- 在所有适应性行为领域中发现了显著的群体差异,社会化受影响最大,日常生活技能受影响最小.
- 在ASD组中,执行功能和认知领域在很大程度上预测了沟通,日常生活技能和社会化适应性行为.
结论:
- 执行功能在预测ASD学龄前儿童的适应性行为方面发挥着关键作用.
- 认知能力和执行困难没有被证实是TD儿童适应性行为的显著预测因素.
- 调查结果强调了解决执行功能缺陷在ASD幼儿干预措施中的重要性.
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