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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

460
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Survival Tree01:19

Survival Tree

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Survival trees are a non-parametric method used in survival analysis to model the relationship between a set of covariates and the time until an event of interest occurs, often referred to as the "time-to-event" or "survival time." This method is particularly useful when dealing with censored data, where the event has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period, or when the exact time of the event is unknown.
 Building a Survival Tree
Constructing a...
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Language01:16

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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揭示大型语言模型在字符和单词理解和操纵方面的弱点

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    大型语言模型 (LLM) 在许多NLP任务中表现出色,但在基本的字符和文字编辑方面失败. 一个新的基准,CWUM,揭示了LLM的弱点,尽管监督微调 (SFT) 显示了改善的希望.

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    科学领域:

    • 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
    • 人工智能 (AI) 是一种人工智能.

    背景情况:

    • 大型语言模型 (LLM) 在各种NLP任务中展示了先进的能力,通常与人类的性能相匹配或超过.
    • 尽管具有优势,但LLM在基本特征和文字操作方面存在重大局限性,阻碍了内容创建和文本编辑等实际应用.

    研究的目的:

    • 引入字符和单词理解和操纵 (CWUM) 基准,用于评估中文和英语的LLM.
    • 综合评估九个高级LLM在CWUM任务上的表现,确定具体的缺陷领域.

    主要方法:

    • 开发CWUM基准,包括23个不同的文本编辑任务 (计数,识别,插入,反转).
    • 在CWUM基准上对9个最先进的LLM进行评估,通过质量和数量指标分析绩效.
    • 研究各种方法来提高CWUM上的LLM性能,包括监督微调 (SFT).

    主要成果:

    • 在CWUM任务中,LLM表现出显著的失败,在需要基本文本操纵的任务中表现比人类差得多.
    • 分析揭示了LLM基本语言理解和操纵能力的具体缺陷.
    • 监督微调 (SFT) 已被证明是有效的,可以提高LLM在CWUM任务上的性能,同时保持对新任务的概括性.

    结论:

    • 目前的LLM尽管具有先进的NLP能力,但仍在努力处理基本的字符和文字编辑.
    • CWUM基准有效地突出了这些局限性,为未来的LLM开发提供了关键工具.
    • 像SFT这样的有针对性的培训方法可以在不影响更广泛的语言理解的情况下提高LLM在文本处理方面的表现.