执行功能对双语和单语三年级儿童阅读理解的贡献
1Department of Learning Disabilities and Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Israel.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|June 18, 2025
概括
双语儿童可能会使用抑制等执行功能来提高阅读理解能力,尽管与单语儿童相比,词汇量得分较低. 这表明双语可能会增强对语言任务的认知控制.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 阅读理解至关重要,整合语言技能,流利性和执行功能.
- 双语儿童可能面临阅读挑战,因为对主导语言的接触较少,词汇量减少.
- 调查双语儿童是否利用增强的认知能力来弥补语言差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 探索双语儿童是否招募执行功能以支持阅读理解.
- 为了比较单语和双语儿童之间的阅读理解,流利,词汇和执行功能.
- 确定特定执行功能的作用 (工作记忆,抑制,认知灵活性) 在每个组的阅读理解.
主要方法:
- 评估了三年级单语 (n=86) 和双语 (n=86) 的希伯来语说者.
- 评估包括阅读理解,流利,希伯来语词汇和执行功能 (工作记忆,抑制,认知灵活性).
- 统计分析检查了群体差异和阅读理解的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 单语儿童在阅读流性,词汇量和阅读理解方面表现优于双语儿童.
- 两组之间在总体执行职能技能方面没有发现显著差异.
- 虽然阅读流和词汇预测了所有人的理解能力,但执行功能发挥了差异作用:抑制预测了双语者但不是单语者的理解能力.
结论:
- 双语儿童可能会利用执行功能,特别是抑制,以克服阅读和词汇挑战.
- 执行功能在双语儿童的阅读理解方面似乎比单语同龄人更为关键.
- 研究结果表明,双语可能会促进对阅读能力有好处的认知控制机制.
相关概念视频
01:30Information Processing Approach
170
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
170
01:27Language and Cognition
460
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
460
01:24Working Memory
449
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
449
01:23Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
1.4K
Alfred Binet, along with his student Théophile Simon, was tasked by the French Ministry of Education in 1904 to create a method for identifying students who struggled to learn through conventional classroom instruction. This initiative aimed to address overcrowding by placing such students in specialized schools. Binet and Simon developed an intelligence test comprising 30 tasks, ranging from simple commands, like touching one's nose or ear, to more complex tasks, such as drawing...
1.4K