酶性扭曲进化了Solanaceae家族中的立体分离化物
Adam Jozwiak1, Michaela Almaria2, Jianghua Cai3
1University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. adamj@ucr.edu.
Nature communications
|June 18, 2025
概括
植物类固醇类化合物有两种形式,25S和25R. 在GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 8 (GAME8) 酶中的基因进化解释了Solanum物种中的这种多样性.
科学领域:
- 植物生物化学 植物生物化学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 类固醇类化合物是植物防御的关键化合物.
- 这些化合物存在于两个立体异构体:25S (番茄类型) 和25R (茄子类型).
- 这种立体化学多样性的分子基础尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究类固醇化物立体化学多样性背后的进化机制.
- 为了确定GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 8 (GAME8) 基因在产生25S和25R异构体中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在Solanaceae家族中的GAME8细胞染色体P450氧化酶的家族遗传学分析.
- 比较基因组学以了解基因复制和突变事件.
- 分析不同Solanum物种的异构形状.
主要成果:
- 两个不同的GAME8基团与25S和25R异构体的产生相关.
- 祖先的GAME8可能产生了25R;基因重复导致了25S生成酶.
- 在一些物种中,多个GAME8副本会导致混合的异构体形状.
- 在野生S. cheesmaniae中GAME8的突变显示从25S回归到25R.
结论:
- GAME8进化是Solanum中类固醇化物多样性的主要驱动因素.
- 酶功能,遗传变异和适应之间的相互作用塑造了类化合物特征.
- 在GAME8中出现逆进化的证据表明复杂的适应性途径.
相关概念视频
02:30Chirality in Nature
14.0K
Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
14.0K
02:32Stereoisomers
13.9K
On the basis of mirror symmetry, stereoisomers of an organic molecule can be further classified into diastereomers and enantiomers. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. Substituted alkenes, such as the cis and trans isomers of 2-butene, are diastereomers, as these molecules exhibit different spatial orientations of their constituent atoms, are not mirror images of each other, and do not interconvert. Here, the interconversion is suppressed due to...
13.9K
02:05Prochirality
4.0K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
4.0K
02:33Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds
9.3K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
9.3K
02:52Stereoisomerism
12.4K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
12.4K
01:26Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
1.9K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
1.9K