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相关概念视频

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

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In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.
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Reversible and Irreversible Processes01:14

Reversible and Irreversible Processes

4.6K
The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
4.6K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

53.6K
A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Using Three-color Single-molecule FRET to Study the Correlation of Protein Interactions
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姆佩姆巴对不平衡的活性马尔科夫链的影响.

Apurba Biswas1, Arnab Pal2,3

  • 1Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, CNRS, UMR 5798, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France.

Physical review. E
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

本研究探讨了活跃系统中的Mpemba效应,发现活动可以抑制或诱导这种现象. 研究人员观察到由于复杂的系统动态而引起的振荡式Mpemba效应.

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科学领域:

  • 统计力学 统计力学
  • 非平衡的物理 物理学
  • 复杂的系统复杂的系统.

背景情况:

  • 在平衡系统中观察到的Mpemba效应是温暖的水比冷的水更快地结.
  • 没有平衡的系统与破碎的详细平衡表现出独特的动态行为.
  • 具有自我推进的活性物质系统本质上是失衡的.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究Mpemba效应在一个非平衡的马尔科夫链模型的积极的随机步行者.
  • 了解活动带来的细节平衡的破坏如何影响Mpemba效应.
  • 在活跃系统中探索像振荡式Mpemba效应这样的新奇现象.

主要方法:

  • 开发一个不平衡的马尔科夫链模型,模拟在离散的能量景观中活跃的随机步行者.
  • 在破碎的详细平衡条件下分析系统放松动态.
  • 研究复杂的固有价值在放松频谱中的作用.

主要成果:

  • 系统中的活动可以抑制或诱导Mpemba效应.
  • 观察到一个振荡式的Mpemba效应,其特点是放松轨迹的多个交叉.
  • 由于活动而出现的复杂固有值被确定为振荡行为的原因.

结论:

  • 活跃系统中细节平衡的破坏可能导致异常的放松动态和修改的Mpemba效应现象.
  • 这项研究表明,活动可以诱导振荡式Mpemba效应,这是一个新的观察.
  • 这项研究为研究生物相关活体系统中Mpemba效应提供了框架.