患有神经发育障碍的青少年和年轻成年人的行为问题
Yasumichi Kuwahara1,2, Maina Yonezawa3, Hiroaki Miya3
1Department of Kyoto Pediatric Community-Based Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的青少年和年轻人经常面临沟通挑战和行为问题,包括自伤. 早期干预,如应用行为分析,对于改善结果和生活质量至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床精神病学 临床精神病学
背景情况:
- 儿童中神经发育障碍 (NDD) 如自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD) 的患病率上升.
- 对NDD医疗评估的延长等待时间感到担忧.
- 2010年在福岛市医院建立了一个专门的发育障碍诊所.
研究的目的:
- 研究15岁及以上患有NDD的患者的行为挑战,重点关注ASD.
- 确定医疗和社会治疗对这一人口群的挑战.
- 突出了青少年和青少年的特殊需求与ASD参加发育诊所.
主要方法:
- 对15岁以上被诊断患有NDD的患者病历的回顾性分析.
- 从2023年1月到12月在福岛市医院发育门诊处收集数据.
- 评估人口统计,访问时间,诊断,沟通技巧和行为问题.
主要成果:
- 在68名NDD患者中,有45人被诊断为ASD.
- 观察到严重的沟通困难,31.1%的人缺乏实质性的口头技巧.
- 普遍存在的行为问题包括注意力不集中,过度活跃,冲动,有害行为和自我伤害;低发育系数与不适应行为相关,但不是有害的行为.
结论:
- 患有自闭症的青少年和年轻人在发育诊所中存在独特的行为挑战.
- 早期和有针对性的干预,如应用行为分析,对于管理困难的行为,特别是有害的行为至关重要.
- 在行为分析原则的指导下,家庭和护理人员的支持对于改善NDD患者的生活质量至关重要.
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