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颗粒物度与急救部门的利用率增加有关:单中心时间序列分析

Alessio Gnerucci¹, Andrea Rossetto², Paola Faraoni³

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1, 50019, Florence, FI, Italy. alessio.gnerucci@unifi.it.

Internal and emergency medicine

|June 19, 2025

概括

空气污染中的颗粒物 (PM2.5-PM10) 短期增加与更高的急诊室访问有关,甚至低于世卫组织指南. 这种关联在患有呼吸障碍的老年患者和经历创伤的年轻患者中尤为强烈.

科学领域:

环境健康环境健康
流行病学流行病学
空气质量科学空气质量科学

背景情况:

应急部门 (ED) 的利用率可能受到空气污染等环境因素的影响.
暴露于颗粒物 (PM2.5-PM10) 可能引发或恶化急性和慢性健康状况,导致医疗需求增加.

研究的目的:

调查环境颗粒物 (PM2.5和PM10) 度与在城市人口中访问急诊室之间的关联.
确定特定的患者子组,这些患者更容易受到短期空气污染暴露对健康的影响.

主要方法:

在意大利佛罗伦萨进行了一项追溯时间序列队列研究,分析了2019-2022年307,279次ED访问.
每天的PM2.5和PM10度被插入到患者居住区,并使用各种延迟时间长达30天的通用添加模型进行分析.
关联被量化为百分比超额发病率 (%Er) 与95%的置信区间.

主要成果:

在PM2.5 (Lag1: 1.24%Er) 和PM10 (Lag2: 1.79%Er) 的短期波动和ED访问的增加之间发现了显著的关联.
这种关联在已故患者,呼吸障碍的老年患者和创伤性事件的年轻患者中明显更强.
暴露-反应曲线表明,颗粒物与ED访问有关,即使度低于世界卫生组织 (WHO) 推水平.

结论:

短期PM2.5和PM10的增加,即使低于世卫组织的警示水平,也与ED使用率的增加有关.
易受伤害的群体,包括有呼吸系统问题的老年人和参与事故的年轻人,受影响不成比例.
这些发现强调了空气污染对紧急医疗需求的公共卫生影响.

关键词:

空气污染大气污染应急部门的紧急情况部门.颗粒物质颗粒物质是什么?服务使用情况服务利用情况

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