农村糖尿病老年人认知功能干预的障碍和促进因素:使用COM-B模型和理论领域框架
Xueyan Liu1, Jie Zhang2, Xiangyun Guan3
1School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Journal of advanced nursing
|June 20, 2025
概括
识别障碍和促进因素是改善农村老年人2型糖尿病和轻度认知障碍的认知功能干预措施的关键. 解决疾病意识,社会因素和自我感知问题可以提高参与度.
科学领域:
- 老年学和认知健康学
- 糖尿病管理 糖尿病管理
- 公共卫生干预措施 公共卫生干预措施
背景情况:
- 患有2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 和轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 的老年人在农村环境中面临独特的挑战.
- 参与认知功能干预对于管理T2DM和MCI至关重要,但往往不够理想.
- 了解这一群体中的特定障碍和促进因素对于干预设计至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 识别参与认知功能改善干预的障碍和促进者.
- 专注于居住在农村地区的T2DM和MCI的老年人.
- 为制定更有效和更容易获得的干预措施提供信息.
主要方法:
- 定性描述性研究,随机对照试验的初始阶段.
- 在中国农村,对26名老年人 (60-87岁) 进行了深入的半结构面试.
- 采访以能力,机会,动机和行为 (COM-B) 模型和理论领域框架 (TDF) 为指导;使用NVivo软件进行分析.
主要成果:
- 九个关键主题出现了:疾病意识,态度,社会互动,责任,情感,组织,专业知识,好处,自我认知和角色认同.
- 这些主题映射到COM-B组件 (能力,机会,动机) 和TDF领域 (知识,背景,社会影响,意图,情绪,强化,信仰,身份).
- 影响参与的因素包括个人,社会和组织层面.
结论:
- 解决已识别的障碍和利用促进者可以显著提高参与认知干预的参与意愿.
- 建议采用多层次的方法,重点关注疾病知识,态度,社会支持,情感福祉,组织因素和自我效能.
- 根据T2DM和MCI的农村老年人的特定需求和背景调整干预措施对于成功至关重要.
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