癌症负担在种族多样性和环境负担较大的社区
Jessica R Bobbitt1,2,3, Fangzhou Liu4, Ruth A Keri2,3
1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
JAMA network open
|June 20, 2025
概括
俄俄州面临着与环境负担和种族相关的高癌症率. 高污染和少数民族人口地区的癌症发病率显著增加,特别是肺癌,突出了针对性社区干预的需要.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 癌症流行病学 癌症流行病学
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 俄俄州的环境负担很高,肺癌和支气管癌的发病率不成比例.
- 环境正义是一个关键问题,特别是在对少数群体的累积影响方面.
研究的目的:
- 调查俄俄州环境负担与癌症发病率之间的联系.
- 检查少数群体和癌症发病率之间的关系.
- 评估环境负担和少数群体地位对癌症发病率的综合影响.
主要方法:
- 采用了区域级队列研究设计,分析了2011年至2020年俄俄州平均年龄调整的癌症发病率.
- 环境负担和种族/种族组成数据来源于疾病预防控制中心的环境正义指数.
- 癌症发病率数据 (整体和肺/支气管特定) 来自俄俄州癌症发病率监测系统.
主要成果:
- 较高的环境负担四分位数与总体癌症发病率的增加有关 (Q4 vs Q1:每10万人中有61.1例).
- 少数群体比例较高的地区显示,整体癌症显著增加 (Q4 vs Q1: 81.27/100,000) 和肺/支气管癌 (Q4 vs Q1: 24.99/100,000).
- 具有高环境负担和高比例少数群体的人口的人口普查区域呈现出最高的癌症率,包括58.9%的肺癌和支气管癌发病率增加.
结论:
- 俄俄州的癌症发病率与环境负担和人口的种族/族裔组成显著相关.
- 这些发现强调了环境不公正对少数群体的不成比例影响.
- 持续的社区干预在人口普查地区具有高环境负担和大量少数群体的人口中至关重要,以解决这些健康差异.
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