全球冷却推动了多元化,而变暖导致了石灰岩 - 珀米亚时代型虫虫的灭绝
Shu-Han Zhang1, Ying-Ying Zhao1, Yu-Kun Shi1
1State Key Laboratory of Critical Earth Material Cycling and Mineral Deposits, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Science advances
|June 20, 2025
概括
化石藻的多样性动态令人惊地简单,显示两到三种多样化和四种下降. 长期冷却促进了生物多样性,而变暖事件导致了灭绝,突出了气候变化威胁.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 化石记录是理解生物多样性在地质时间上的变化的关键.
- 复杂的生物多样性模式源于跨血统的特征-环境相互作用.
- 藻类 (Fusuline foraminifera) 是一个多样化的海洋化石群体,从石灰岩到波斯时期.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用高分辨率的全球数据集,分析藻类的多样性动态.
- 以史无前例的时间分辨率 (<4万5千年) 重建生物多样性模式.
- 研究气候 (冷却和变暖) 与生物多样化/灭绝事件之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 利用超级计算和人工智能算法.
- 分析了一组高分辨率的全球数据集,这些数据集是类菌化石.
- 重建了多样性的动态,而没有对数据进行分类,以揭示细微的模式.
主要成果:
- 鉴定出了一种意想不到的简单的多样性动态在类菌中.
- 记录了两个 (可能是三个) 截断的指数式多元化.
- 在石炭 - 珀米纪间隔期间观察到四个主要的多样性下降.
- 发现长期的冷却促进了生物多样化,而变暖事件与灭绝相关.
结论:
- 气候在石灰岩 - 波斯纪期间显著影响了海洋生物多样性的动态.
- 长期的冷却趋势支持了多元化,而变暖事件引发了灭绝.
- 目前的全球快速变暖对现代生态系统构成严重威胁,原因是人为二氧化碳排放.
相关概念视频
02:56The Fossil Record
25.7K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
25.7K
01:50Global Climate Change
24.8K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.8K
01:07Speciation Rates
21.4K
Overview
21.4K
02:35What is Evolutionary History?
40.2K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
40.2K
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
23.0K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
23.0K
01:27Diversity of Protists III
142
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
142