家庭工作史和中国老年认知的不平等
1Asian Demographic Research Institute, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Social science & medicine (1982)
|June 20, 2025
概括
家庭和工作史显著影响中国的认知衰老. 中年就业部门,特别是公共部门,对老年人的认知能力下降产生了保护作用.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 卫生社会学 卫生社会学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 以前的研究将伙伴关系,生育或就业历史与老年人的认知功能联系起来.
- 人们对家庭和工作历史如何影响晚年认知能力的理解有限,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 中国独特的社会经济转型为研究这些关系提供了关键的背景.
研究的目的:
- 调查家庭工作轨迹 (18-50岁) 与中国老年人认知功能之间的关联.
- 检查生活过程经验和认知衰老之间的横截面和纵向关系.
- 确定特定的家庭工作模式,与后来的认知轨迹相关.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自中国健康与退休长度研究 (CHARLS) 的数据,其中包括8535名50岁以上的受访者.
- 采用序列分析来识别不同的家庭-工作轨迹.
- 应用双对比和线性混合效应模型来分析横截面和纵向认知结果 (即时单词回忆,精神状态).
主要成果:
- 确定了六种不同的家庭工作轨迹.
- "早婚,≥2个孩子,在农业工作"的轨迹与最低的基线认知分数有关.
- "晚婚,≥2个孩子,在农业工作","已婚,≥2个孩子,不在劳动力中",和"已婚,≥2个孩子,在公共部门非农业工作"的轨迹中观察到较慢的认知衰退 (即时回忆).
结论:
- 在中国1964年之前的出生队伍中,认知不平等受到了婚姻时间的影响,并受到中年就业部门的显著推动.
- 中年阶段的就业部门在确定获得社会福利和随后的老年认知健康方面发挥了关键作用.
- 研究结果强调了考虑综合家庭和工作历史的重要性,以了解认知衰老,特别是在发展中国家.
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