机器学习策略用于使用表面数据对疾病的多标签预诊断
Dengqun Gou1, Xu Luo2, Zhichen Liu3
1School of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China; Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China.
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine
|June 21, 2025
概括
使用机器学习的新框架,特别是Classifier chain-Random Forest (RF),通过在高层和低层准确地分类疾病来改善一般实践 (GP) 预诊断.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
- 临床决策支持系统 临床决策支持系统
背景情况:
- 一般医生 (GP) 预诊断对于患者分拣至关重要,但由于数据有限和多标签分类,面临着挑战.
- 由于诊断的复杂性,现有的方法很难有效地将患者引导到适当的部门.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一个新的GP预诊断框架,使用缩小维度和机器学习策略.
- 为了应对有限数据和多标签分类在疾病选中的挑战.
主要方法:
- 实施了一种层次性的疾病信息结构 (I级和II级分类).
- 使用了两种机器学习策略:分类器链和集体学习-深度神经网络 (DNN).
- 分类器链策略使用了XGBoost,随机森林 (RF),后勤回归 (LR) 和支持向量机 (SVM) 算法. 在3125名腹痛患者的病历中,使用AUPRC,AUROC,F1,精度,灵敏度,特异性和哈明损失等指标来评估表现.
主要成果:
- 分类器链RF方法在GP预诊断中显示出最佳性能.
- 总体疾病分类 (I级) 的表现非常出色,大多数指标超过0.90.
- 对于疾病子类别 (II级) 保持高效率,大多数指标超过0.80.
结论:
- 拟议的框架有效地提高了GP预诊断的准确性和效率.
- 建议采用分类器链RF方法,因为它在这种临床环境中具有卓越的性能.
- 这项研究为GP预诊断的计算机辅助诊断提供了宝贵的见解.
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