在美国成年人中感知歧视,过度警和视觉障碍:对国家调查数据的分析
Patrick Akarapimand1, John C Lin1, Fasika Woreta2
1From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.A., J.C.L.), Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
American journal of ophthalmology
|June 21, 2025
概括
视力障碍者经历更多的歧视和提高警. 这凸显了需要跨部门努力来打击这个问题.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会流行病学 社会流行病学
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 歧视是健康的重要社会决定因素.
- 视力障碍影响了相当一部分成年人群.
- 了解视力障碍和歧视的交叉关系对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查视力障碍和歧视经历之间的关联.
- 评估视力障碍者是否报告了更高水平的不公平待遇和预期警.
主要方法:
- 使用2023年国家卫生访谈调查 (NHIS) 数据进行横截面研究.
- 包括对视力障碍和歧视模块做出反应的美国成年人.
- 视力障碍定义为任何报告的视力困难,即使有纠正. 使用日常歧视量表 (EDS) 和高度警量表 (HVS) 测量歧视.
- 分析包括调整后的沃尔德测试和多次顺序回归,控制人口统计和慢性疾病.
主要成果:
- 该研究包括28,615名成年人;19.6%的人报告视力障碍.
- 与没有视力障碍的人相比,视力障碍者在EDS (3.28对2.30) 和HVS (4.12对3.19) 的平均得分显著更高.
- 视力障碍独立地与报告更高歧视的可能性增加有关 (aOR: 1.74) 和高度警 (aOR: 1.61).
结论:
- 视力障碍者报告说,他们经历了更频繁的歧视和更高的警.
- 调查结果强调,需要在医疗保健,教育,就业和交通方面采取多部门干预措施,以解决对这一群体的歧视问题.
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