一个介绍非编码RNAs
Charan Psvv1, Adithya Joseph2, Praveen Ebenezer2
1Bioclues.org, Hayatnagar, Hyderabad, India; Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, India.
Progress in molecular biology and translational science
|June 21, 2025
概括
非编码RNAs (ncRNAs) 是调节基因表达和细胞功能的关键分子. 了解这些丰富的遗传元素,可以了解疾病机制和治疗策略.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 非编码RNAs (ncRNAs) 是RNA分子,不转化为蛋白质.
- 它们占人类基因组RNA的90%以上,对细胞过程至关重要.
- 关键类型包括小ncRNAs (sncRNAs) 和长ncRNAs (lncRNAs),每个都有不同的亚型.
研究的目的:
- 提供关于非编码RNAs (ncRNAs) 的概述.
- 阐明ncRNAs在生物系统中的调节作用.
- 突出ncRNAs在理解细胞复杂性和疾病中的重要性.
主要方法:
- 文献综述和对ncRNAs现有研究的综合.
- 基于大小和功能的ncRNAs的分类.
- 对ncRNA参与基因调节和染色体重塑的分析.
主要成果:
- ncRNAs在基因调节,染色质重塑和其他细胞过程中发挥着重要作用.
- 小ncRNAs (sncRNAs) 和长ncRNAs (lncRNAs) 代表具有明显特征的主要类别.
- ncRNAs与包括癌症在内的各种疾病有关,这表明其具有治疗潜力.
结论:
- ncRNAs是细胞功能和基因组活动的基本调节者.
- 进一步探索ncRNAs对于推进我们对生物学和医学的理解至关重要.
- ncRNAs作为生物标志物和癌症等疾病的治疗点具有前途.
相关概念视频
02:39lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
8.9K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.9K
01:20Types of RNA
6.3K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
RNA Performs Diverse...
6.3K
02:53Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
13.4K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
13.4K
01:23RNA Interference
26.4K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
26.4K
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
17.0K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
17.0K
01:25Nucleic Acid Structure
6.9K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
DNA Structure
DNA...
6.9K