影响非编码RNA的表观遗传和实验方法
Urvashi Vijay1, Ashmeet Kaur2, Sunil Polipalli3
1Department of Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Raj, India.
Progress in molecular biology and translational science
|June 21, 2025
概括
非编码RNAs (ncRNAs) 对于表观遗传调节至关重要,影响基因表达和跨代遗传. 这些分子调解可遗传的表观遗传状态,影响生物的复杂性和进化.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 表观遗传学解释了相同的基因组如何通过不同的表观遗传状态产生不同的表型.
- 非编码RNAs (ncRNAs),特别是小RNAs,是基因表达调节的组成部分,包括DNA甲基化和基因素修饰.
- 复杂的表观遗传现象,如转子子沉默,X染色体不活化和父母印记,涉及RNA组件.
研究的目的:
- 审查ncRNAs在表观遗传基因调节中的核心作用.
- 探索ncRNAs调解表观遗传状态和跨代遗传的机制.
- 突出ncRNAs在更高生物的进化和复杂性中的重要性.
主要方法:
- 对ncRNA和表观遗传学当前研究的文献综述.
- 对研究ncRNA参与DNA甲基化和基因素修饰的研究进行分析.
- 检查模型生物体中ncRNA介导的跨代表观遗传的证据.
主要成果:
- ncRNAs是指导表观遗传修饰的关键参与者,例如DNA甲基化和基因素改变.
- 特定的ncRNAs,包括piwi相互作用RNAs (piRNAs),涉及到各种表观遗传现象.
- 在酵母,植物和小鼠中,ncRNAs促进了代际表观遗传状态的继承.
结论:
- ncRNA是表观遗传调节和遗传信息传输的基础.
- ncRNAs携带遗传信息的能力弥合了环境因素和遗传反应.
- 对ncRNA的持续研究有望对生命的调控架构和进化过程有更深入的了解.
相关概念视频
Epigenetic Regulation
3.1K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
3.1K
Types of RNA
6.3K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
RNA Performs Diverse...
6.3K
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
8.9K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.9K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
7.2K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.2K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
994
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
994
What is Gene Expression?
9.1K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
9.1K


