在维持血液透析的患者中,认知障碍的患病率和模式
Jehangir Afzal Mobushar1,2, Anjum Shahzad3, Bushra Mumtaz4
1Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, ARE.
Cureus
|June 23, 2025
概括
认知障碍在血液透析患者中很常见,影响超过一半的患者. 诸如年龄较大,教育程度较低和透析时间较长等因素预测了这一点,强调了透析护理中常规认知查的必要性.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 末期病 (ESRD) 构成了日益严重的全球健康挑战.
- 在日常透析护理中,认知评估经常被忽视,尤其是在资源有限的环境中.
- 了解血液透析患者的认知功能对于全面的患者管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定在接受维持血液透析的患者中认知障碍的患病率和严重程度.
- 确定该人口中认知障碍的人口,临床和生化预测因素.
- 强调将认知查整合到标准科护理中的重要性.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项描述性的横截面研究,涉及198名血液透析患者.
- 认知功能使用乌尔都语验证的蒙特利尔认知评估 (MoCA) 进行评估.
- 统计分析,包括多变量后勤回归,确定了认知障碍的显著预测因素.
主要成果:
- 超过一半 (58.6%) 的患者表现出认知障碍,在54.5%的患者中出现多领域缺陷.
- 年龄较大,教育程度较低,社会经济地位较低,透析持续时间较长是重要的预测因素.
- 较低的血红蛋白和白蛋白,以及较高的酸盐和完整的副甲状腺激素 (iPTH),与功能障碍有关.
结论:
- 认知障碍,特别是影响多个领域,在血液透析患者中非常普遍,并且往往未被诊断出来.
- 通过例行查进行早期识别对于及时干预至关重要.
- 将认知评估整合到科护理中可以改善患者的治疗结果和生活质量.
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