使用卷积神经网络,从临床样本中直接检测酸性细菌
Paul English1, Muir J Morrison1, Blaine Mathison2,3
1ARUP Institute for Research and Innovation in Diagnostic and Precision Medicine, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Microbiology spectrum
|June 23, 2025
概括
人工智能可以在染色的幻灯片中检测酸性细菌 (AFB),有助于诊断菌根细菌感染. 虽然还没有临床准备,但这种AI框架和数据集可以提升自动化AFB检测.
科学领域:
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
- 计算机视觉 计算机视觉
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 菌根菌,包括结核菌菌 (MTB) 和非结核菌 (NTM),造成全球健康负担很大.
- 快速检测真菌真菌对于减少传播和死亡率至关重要.
- 手动涂抹显微镜是成本高效但劳动密集型,需要专家人员.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种人工智能 (AI) 计算机视觉模型,用于从Kinyoun染色幻灯片中检测酸性细菌 (AFB).
- 建立基于AI的AFB检测框架,并创建一个公开可用的注释数据集.
主要方法:
- 一个深层卷积神经网络被训练在11,411个注释的AFB生物体上,来自109个临床标本的全幻灯片图像 (WSI).
- 该模型估计了每显微镜视野 (FOV) 的AFB密度.
- 模型预测与文化确认的结果相关.
主要成果:
- 人工智能模型在分类验证幻灯片中达到68%的准确性,在≥10−2 AFB/1000xFOV的值下预测阳性培养的灵敏度为79%和特异性为63%.
- 与培养结果相比,手动注释显示了76%的灵敏度和96%的特异性.
- 该模型的性能不足以立即进行临床实施.
结论:
- 开发的AI模型为自动化AFB检测提供了基础框架.
- 这项研究强调了人工智能在改善菌根细菌诊断方面的潜力.
- 分享注释数据集将促进未来研究和开发更准确的AI算法用于AFB检测.
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