良心反对安乐死和协助自杀:一个系统的审查
Carlos Gomez-Virseda1, Chris Gastmans1
1Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
PloS one
|June 23, 2025
概括
在安乐死和协助自杀 (EAS) 中,有良心反对 (CO) 的争论,对其含义和应用有不同的看法. 对话对于平衡专业良心和患者权利至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 医疗法 法律 医疗法
- 专业道德 职业道德 专业道德
背景情况:
- 安乐死和协助自杀 (EAS) 的合法化引发了关于医疗保健专业人员的良心反对 (CO) 的伦理问题.
- 医疗保险被视为一种保护道德诚信的措施,同时也是患者获得护理的潜在障碍.
- 本综述综合了EAS中CO的伦理文献,讨论了其定义,伦理立场和潜在的前提.
研究的目的:
- 综合综合有关安乐死和协助自杀 (EAS) 的良心异议 (CO) 的伦理文献.
- 在EAS的背景下澄清CO的含义和应用.
- 识别和分析塑造在EAS中关于CO的辩论的伦理立场和前提.
主要方法:
- 使用PRISMA,RESERVE和TARCiS指南对基于论证的出版物进行系统审查.
- 搜索了13个主要的生物医学,哲学和神学文学数据库,没有日期或语言限制.
- 标题和摘要的独立选,然后根据预定义的标准选择完整的文章.
主要成果:
- 审查了58篇相关文章,其中51篇发表于2015年至2024年期间,这表明最近对该主题的关注.
- 虽然对CO的定义普遍达成一致,但其在EAS中的解释和应用仍然存在争议.
- 三个主要的伦理立场出现了:良心绝对主义,妥协方法和不兼容论点,每一个都有不同的支持论点和关于良心,道德,宗教,医学和终身护理的前提.
结论:
- 在EAS中关于CO的辩论可能会导致两极分化,强调需要在理论和情境敏感的观点之间进行对话.
- 有效实施CO需要更明确的指导方针,以平衡尊重良心,患者权利和职业责任.
- 进一步的研究和讨论对于导航这个复杂的伦理景观至关重要.
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