冬季限制了气候变化驱动的蝶范围的扩张,尽管季节性时间特征的快速演变
Mats Ittonen1,2, Matthew E Nielsen1,2,3, Isabelle Siemers1,2
1Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden.
概括
气候变化推动了物种范围的扩大,但进化并不总是有所帮助. 对于墙壁棕色蝶来说,冬季生存,而不是进化的特征,限制了它们的北方范围扩张.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
背景情况:
- 由于气候变化,物种的范围正在发生变化,但进化在促进这些扩张中的作用尚不清楚.
- 了解范围转移的近距离驱动因素对于预测未来生物多样性变化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查当地的季节性适应和冬季生存是否有助于墙壁棕蝶 (Lasiommata megera) 的气候变化引起的范围扩大.
- 评估本地适应对该物种正在进行的气候驱动范围扩张的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个临时复制的实地实验,将墙壁棕色蝶从范围内的和边缘种群转移到内部,边缘和超越北部范围边缘的地点.
- 测试本地适应季节性时间 (间隙诱导) 和冬季生存.
- 评估毛虫的生长速度和冬季前的体重,与种群的起源和现场位置相关.
主要成果:
- 来自所有种群的蝶,无论其起源如何,都成功进入了隔膜期.
- 北方虫在所有地点都表现出更快的生长率,这表明它们的适应是相反的.
- 冬季生存率均低,特别是在当前范围边缘之外,这表明这是扩张的主要限制.
结论:
- 墙壁棕蝶的季节性时间特征的局部演变似乎不会导致它们的范围扩大.
- 范围扩大的主要限制是适应冬季条件的能力有限.
- 区分在范围扩大过程中进化的特征和那些限制范围的特征对于准确的未来预测至关重要.
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