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Updated: Jul 23, 2026

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虚拟交叉匹配:原则,实践和前进的道路 - - 美国组织相容性和免疫遗传学学会/美国病理学家学院合作项目

H Cliff Sullivan¹, Andrés Jaramillo², Sujata Gaitonde³

¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons

|June 23, 2025

概括

虚拟交叉匹配 (VXM) 是一种比物理交叉匹配 (PXM) 更敏感的方法,用于检测捐赠者特定的抗人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 抗体,从而改善移植兼容性评估. 在移植前的评估中,VXM越来越被认为是PXM的合适替代品.

科学领域:

移植免疫学移植免疫学
组织相容性和免疫遗传学

背景情况:

捐赠者特异性抗人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 抗体在固体器官移植中构成重大风险,导致移植后不良结果.
物理交叉匹配 (PXM) 方法,包括补充依赖性细胞毒性和流动细胞计交叉匹配,历来是评估移植兼容性和减少超急性排斥的标准.

研究的目的:

审查虚拟交叉匹配 (VXM) 在移植前兼容性评估中的原则,应用,优点和缺点.
讨论VXM在固体器官移植中的日益接受和未来方向.

主要方法:

关于抗HLA抗体测试,分子HLA类型和交叉匹配技术的文献综述.
与PXM相比,VXM的灵敏度和负预测值的分析.
审查目前的法规和VXM的临床接受.

主要成果:

虚拟交叉匹配 (VXM),利用固相抗HLA抗体测试和分子HLA类型,在检测供体特异性抗体方面表现出比物理交叉匹配 (PXM) 更高的灵敏度.
VXM具有很高的负预测值,使其成为移植前兼容性评估的有效工具.
监管机构现在承认VXM是PXM的可行替代品.

结论:

VXM代表了移植前兼容性评估的重大进展,为检测供体特异性抗HLA抗体提供了更好的灵敏度.
越来越多地接受和应用VXM,需要对其复杂性和未来改进的潜力有充分的了解.

关键词:

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