一个灵活的两阶段匿名化框架,用于叙事医疗记录,适应各种语言模型
1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
Computers in biology and medicine
|June 24, 2025
概括
本研究引入了使用自然语言处理 (NLP) 和隐私技术的两阶段框架,以匿名化电子健康记录 (EHR) 中的敏感数据. 该方法有效地检测和保护非结构化文本中的患者信息,确保遵守隐私法规.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 数据 隐私 数据 隐私 数据
背景情况:
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 对现代医疗保健至关重要,但包含敏感的患者数据.
- 保护这些数据,特别是在云环境中,由于其非结构性而具有挑战性.
- 现有的方法难以识别和匿名化叙事文本中分散的敏感信息.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个系统的框架来检测和匿名敏感实体在非结构化的叙事EHRs.
- 确保患者数据的隐私,同时保持EHR对护理的实用性.
- 创建一个可适应各种监管要求的隐私保护解决方案.
主要方法:
- 一个双阶段的k-匿名化框架,将自然语言处理 (NLP) 和隐私保护技术结合起来.
- 第一个阶段:使用微调的双向编码器表示从变压器 (BERT) 和提示驱动的大型语言模型 (LLM) 来提取敏感实体.
- 第二阶段:生成扰乱数据以实现k-匿名性,优化低等级适应 (LoRA) 以用于资源有限的环境.
主要成果:
- 该框架在多种敏感实体类型中实现了高F1分数,超过90%.
- 两级结构使实体类别和匿名化策略的动态调整成为可能.
- 该框架使用低级适应 (LoRA) 进行了优化,适合在标准硬件上部署,包括资源受限的设置.
结论:
- 拟议的框架有效地使用先进的NLP和隐私技术在非结构化电子健康记录中匿名化敏感信息.
- 它为医疗保健数据保护提供了灵活有效的解决方案,可适应各种隐私法规.
- 对资源有限的环境的优化使得这种方法在医疗保健环境中广泛适用.
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