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大猩猩是树木上的猿类动物.

Martha M Robbins1, Rhianna C Drummond-Clarke2, Andrew M Robbins1

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概括

大猩猩比以前认为的表现出更多的树木行为,挑战了关于它们陆地性质的假设. 这一发现影响了我们对大猿进化和生态形态学的理解.

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非洲的猿人非洲的猿人树木的现实性身体的尺寸 身体的大小生态形态学 (ecomorphology) 是一种生态形态学.一个果实丰富的食物.人类类类型的人类类类型.

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科学领域:

  • 灵长类生态学灵长类生态学
  • 古人类学古人类学.
  • 行为生物学 行为生物学

背景情况:

  • 在人类进化中的树木的作用是有争议的.
  • 大猩猩被广泛认为主要是陆地动物,影响了进化解释.
  • 这种看法是基于它们的大小,饮食和对维龙加山地大猩猩的研究.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究两个不同的大猩猩种群的树木现象:布温迪山地大猩猩和洛安戈西部大猩猩.
  • 挑战大猩猩树木现象仅由果驱动,并受到身体尺寸的限制的假设.

主要方法:

  • 在乌干达布温迪不可穿越国家公园 (Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) 进行树木和陆地动物行为观测研究.
  • 在加的洛昂戈国家公园对树木和陆地动物行为的观测研究.
  • 对不同大猩猩种群 (布温迪,洛昂戈,维隆加) 的树木现象进行比较分析.

主要成果:

  • 与维龙加大猩猩 (雌性7%,雄性2%) 相比,布温迪和洛安戈大猩猩的树木生长率明显高 (雌性21-34%,雄性18-19%).
  • 树木性不仅仅是由水果消费驱动的;大量的水果是在地面上消耗的.
  • 在两种研究群体中,成年大猩猩花了大部分的树木食时间,消耗了像叶子这样的非水果物品 (Bwindi: 63%,Loango: 70%).

结论:

  • 大猩猩比以前记录的更为树木化,这表明需要修改现有的看法.
  • 大猩猩的树木性不仅仅受到大体积的严格限制,也不仅仅取决于水果的可用性.
  • 这些发现对理解现存和化石大猿的生态形态学和进化史有重大意义.