太早出生:照顾小和生病的新生儿,投资和实施的证据
Sarah Murless-Collins1, Veronica Chinyere Ezeaka2, Nahya Salim Masoud3
1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
尽管政策取得了进展,但数以百万计的脆弱新生儿仍然需要紧急护理. 投资于小型和患病的新生儿护理 (SSNC) 提供了显著的回报,对于实现全球卫生目标至关重要.
科学领域:
- 全球卫生健康 全球卫生健康
- 新生儿护理 新生儿护理
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 在过去的十年中,全球新生儿政策取得了进展,包括可持续发展目标 (SDG) 目标3.2和"每一个新生儿行动计划" (ENAP).
- 在对脆弱新生儿的投资和行动方面仍然存在重大差距,特别是那些早产,体重不足或生病的新生儿,每年有2000万至3000万新生儿需要因危及生命的疾病接受医院护理.
- 每年约有230万新生儿死亡,其中大多数是早产,另外100万幸存者面临长期残疾.
研究的目的:
- 强调迫切需要加快努力,到2030年实现可持续发展目标3.2目标,要求目前的进展增加四倍.
- 强调增加高影响力新生儿干预措施的覆盖范围和质量的关键作用,特别是小和生病新生儿护理 (SSNC),在预防新生儿死亡和残疾方面发挥关键作用.
- 概述SSNC扩大规模的十个核心组成部分,强调卫生系统方法和以家庭为中心的护理的重要性.
主要方法:
- 该研究综合了全球政策的进展,确定了新生儿护理的持续差距,并分析了扩大小型和生病新生儿护理 (SSNC) 所需的组件.
- 它审查了基于证据的干预措施,包括呼吸系统支持和袋鼠母亲护理,用于早产和生病的新生儿.
- 该分析采用了卫生系统方法,考虑了政治承诺,融资,人力资源,基础设施,数据系统,推网络和家庭参与等因素.
主要成果:
- 实现可持续发展目标3.2需要加快进度四倍,转向以设施为基础的分娩,为改善母亲和新生儿护理提供机会.
- 基于证据的小型和生病新生儿护理 (SSNC) 套餐被认为对于预防大多数新生儿死亡和残疾至关重要,特别是在早产婴儿中.
- 扩大SSNC需要解决世卫组织/联合国儿童基金会定义的十个核心组成部分,特别关注脆弱和受冲突影响的环境,新生儿死亡率不成比例地高.
结论:
- 雄心勃勃地投资于对脆弱新生儿的高质量,以家庭为中心的护理,可以获得高投资回报 (每投资1美元就有9-12美元).
- 加快实施需要多方利益相关者的合作,包括政治领导人,医疗保健专业人员,民间社会,私营部门,家庭和社区.
- 将新生儿护理整合到更广泛的儿童和家庭系统中,对于确保新生儿不仅生存,而且壮成长至关重要,重点是低收入和中等收入国家的能力建设.
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