孤立矩阵在补丁和景观尺度上的作用
Thomas A H Smith1,2, Robert D Holt3, Emilio M Bruna1,4
1Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
息地碎片化研究表明,直接周围的矩阵质量,而不是整体景观,对息地区域内的物种生存和繁殖的影响最大. 这凸显了当地质量矩阵对保护的重要性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 景观生态学 景观生态学
背景情况:
- 全球息地丧失和碎片化增加了非息地陆地覆盖 (矩阵) 的突出地位.
- 矩阵通过局部 (例如边缘效应) 和景观 (例如分散) 过程影响息地片段中的物种.
- 斑块与景观规模矩阵对碎片种群的影响的相对重要性尚未得到充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 通过实验来确定斑块规模与景观规模矩阵效应对息地片段内物种种群的相对大小.
- 调查矩阵质量如何影响一个专家草食动物的种群动态,生存和繁殖.
主要方法:
- 建立了12个实验性景观,控制了息地数量和碎片化.
- 在因子设计中,在单个补丁 (本地) 和整个景观 (全球) 尺度上操纵矩阵质量.
- 评估了专家草食动物Chelinidea vittiger的种群规模,生存率和生殖产量.
主要成果:
- 种群大小受到补丁和景观矩阵质量的影响,高质量的矩阵补丁只在低质量的景观中增加.
- 在低质量的景观中,间补丁移动减少,这有助于人口规模效应.
- 生存率和生殖产量仅受到补丁规模低质量的矩阵的负面影响.
结论:
- 与碎片边缘 (补丁尺度) 立即相邻的矩阵息地与景观尺度效应相比,对物种产生不成比例的大影响.
- 对生存和繁殖的斑块规模影响比景观规模的影响更为常见,尽管操纵区域较小.
- 保护和恢复战略应优先考虑直接围绕息地残余的基质质量.
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