通过流行的机器学习方法对植物特征的基因组预测
K N Kozlov1, M P Bankin1, E A Semenova2
1Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsii
|June 25, 2025
概括
机器学习和人工智能,包括可解释的AI,正在通过识别复杂的基因型-表型关系来彻底改变基因组预测. 大型语言模型和数据增强方面的进步是未来基因组学发现的关键.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 基因组数据正在迅速扩大,使得先进的基因组预测和SNP-表型关联研究成为可能.
- 机器学习 (ML),深度学习 (DL) 和人工智能 (AI) 对于发现基因组数据中的复杂模式至关重要.
- 可解释性AI (XAI) 对于理解基因型-表型关系尤为重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查使用ML,DL和AI进行基因组预测的现代方法.
- 突出解释AI在解释复杂的基因组模型中的作用.
- 讨论诸如大型语言模型 (LLM) 和基因组学数据增强等新兴趋势.
主要方法:
- 审查80个手动选择的来源,重点关注新的基因组预测方法.
- 分析包括卷积神经网络 (CNN),XAI和LLMs.在内的模型.
- 检查诸如数据增强,转移学习和维度减少等技术.
主要成果:
- 人工智能和机器学习推动了基因组预测的重大进展.
- 在基因代码分析中,LLM,特别是基于变压器的模型的重要性越来越大.
- 开发和应用数据增强技术,以增强基因组数据集.
- 新兴的混合方法将ML与生物物理植物模型相结合,显示出有希望的结果.
结论:
- 人工智能和机器学习方法对基因组研究越来越重要,推动出版物的爆炸性增长.
- 可解释的人工智能对于模型透明度和对基因组应用程序的信任至关重要.
- 未来的研究很可能会专注于先进的数据增强,LLM和混合建模策略,以获得更深入的基因组洞察力.
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