对非洲猪瘟的保护性免疫的发展取决于宿主环境相互作用
Emilia Radulovic1,2,3, Kemal Mehinagic1,2,3, Tsering Monika Wüthrich3,4
1Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
Frontiers in veterinary science
|June 25, 2025
概括
没有特定病原体 (SPF) 的猪,以前免疫暴露较少,对非洲猪瘟病毒 (ASFV) 产生了弹性,并在第二次挑战后产生了强大的保护. 养殖场猪经历了严重的疾病,突出了卫生问题.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 动物卫生 动物健康
背景情况:
- 非洲猪瘟病毒 (ASFV) 对全球猪健康和猪肉行业构成重大威胁.
- 针对ASFV的疫苗开发面临与有效性和安全性相关的挑战.
- 宿主免疫状况受到微生物群和先前暴露的影响,可能会影响ASFV的抵抗力和疫苗反应.
研究的目的:
- 研究宿主免疫状况对ASFV感染结果和保护性免疫发展的影响.
- 为了比较无特定病原体 (SPF) 猪与传统养殖猪对ASFV感染和随后的挑战的抵抗力.
- 识别导致对ASFV的保护性免疫反应的因素,以改进疫苗设计.
主要方法:
- 猪 (SPF和养殖场) 最初通过口腔和鼻腔感染了一种中度毒性ASFV菌株 (爱沙尼亚2014年).
- 在康复后 (无法检测到的病毒性血),两组都被重新挑战了毒性ASFV菌株 (亚美尼亚2008年).
- 在整个研究过程中,监测了临床症状,发烧,病毒血症和细胞因子反应.
主要成果:
- 与农场猪相比,SPF猪对最初的ASFV爱沙尼亚2014感染的抵抗力更强.
- 在与恶性ASFV亚美尼亚2008再次接触时,SPF猪得到了充分的保护,显示了最小的病毒性.
- 农场猪在重新挑战期间出现了严重的临床症状,高病毒血量和显著的促炎性细胞因子反应,死亡率为40%.
结论:
- SPF猪的独特免疫状态和微生物组有助于抵御最初的ASFV感染,并在随后暴露时促进强大的保护性免疫力.
- 卫生条件和由此产生的猪免疫状况是ASFV疫苗疗效和安全性试验中需要考虑的关键因素.
- 了解不同猪种群中的宿主-病原体相互作用对于推进ASFV疫苗开发和控制策略至关重要.
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