相关实验视频
Updated: Sep 18, 2025
12:44
Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
Published on: July 24, 2016
8.1K
检查地方政府的研究系统和模型:系统性审查
Emma S Hock1, Alison Scope2, Andrew Booth1,3
1University of Sheffield, UK.
概括
当地当局需要有效的研究系统来改善人口健康. 本次审查确定了九种模型,建议采用全系统方法,并与地方当局和学术界的平等投入取得最佳结果.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生研究 公共卫生研究
- 卫生系统研究 卫生系统研究
- 当地政府行政管理局.
背景情况:
- 地方当局 (LA) 对于改善人口健康至关重要.
- 洛杉矶地区的决策者需要强大的研究能力,但洛杉矶地区研究系统的已建立模型很少.
- 了解和开发有效的LA研究系统对于基于证据的公共卫生至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 探索基于地方当局的研究系统的现有和潜在模型.
- 开发适用于地方政府环境的研究系统类型学.
- 为规划和实施有效的LA研究系统提供指导.
主要方法:
- 从12个健康和社会科学数据库,灰色文献和引用跟踪中对文献进行映射审查和时间受限的系统审查.
- 标题,摘要和全文的选由三个评论员进行.
- 根据研究系统特征和质量评估对相关性,严谨性和丰富性的证据综合.
主要成果:
- 调查了9个研究系统模型,从而开发了一个研究系统类型学.
- 很少有专门为LA研究设计的模型;全系统方法,以地方政府研究冠军模型为例,是潜在的蓝图.
- 我们可以从国际模型中汲取教训,例如英国应用健康研究领导力合作,荷兰学术合作中心,瑞典研发单位和大学社区伙伴关系.
结论:
- 一个最佳的研究系统整合了多种类型:中心,伙伴关系,协作,网络和社区.
- 虽然以英国为重点,但这些已识别的模型对国际地方当局研究系统的发展具有更广泛的相关性.
- 整个系统的方法,以地方当局和学术界的平等投入为特征,是建立公共卫生研究能力的最佳途径.
相关概念视频
01:23Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis
89
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
89
01:16Models, Theories, and Laws
7.1K
Scientists frequently use models to help them comprehend a specific collection of phenomena. In physics, a model is a condensed version of a physical system that is too complex to study thoroughly. One such example is the light wave model; unlike water waves, light waves are typically invisible to us. Nonetheless, it is helpful to think of light as being composed of waves, since investigations show that light behaves like water waves. Since it is impossible to visually see what is genuinely...
7.1K
01:30Typical Model Studies
448
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
448
01:29Levels of Use of a GIS
109
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
109
01:40Archival Research
16.5K
Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
16.5K
01:25Selected Data About Geographic Locations
72
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
72