尽管采取了COVID-19预防措施,但麻疹的职业传播仍然存在
Gabriella De Carli1, Emanuela Giombini2, Alberto Colosi3
1Regional Service for Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases (SERESMI)-Lazio Region, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 25, 2025
概括
尽管隔离和个人防护设备 (PPE),但在COVID-19大流行期间,麻疹传播发生在急诊室的患者到医生之间. 这凸显了疫苗接种和通风的必要性,以加强医疗保健工作者的保护.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 分子病毒学分子病毒学
背景情况:
- 由于COVID-19大流行,医疗机构需要采取严格的感染控制措施,包括隔离预防措施和个人防护设备 (PPE).
- 麻疹是一种高度传染的病毒性疾病,在医疗环境中可能构成重大风险,特别是对易受感染的个体.
研究的目的:
- 调查在急诊室 (ED) 内患者向医生传播麻疹的可能性,尽管实施了全面的感染控制措施.
- 分析涉及疑似医院传染事件的麻疹病毒 (MeV) 菌株的遗传关系.
主要方法:
- 在ED中确定了两例麻疹病例后,进行了一项流行病学调查.
- 分子分析涉及测序麻疹病毒的N片段,以识别和重建完整的MeV基因组,并将其与数据库序列进行比较.
- 进行了感染控制合规性的评估,包括使用个人防护设备和隔离程序.
主要成果:
- 尽管卫生工作者遵守隔离预防措施,并使用完整的个人防护设备,但仍有证据表明患者向工人传播麻疹.
- 分子分析显示,两种已识别的麻疹病毒B3基因组序列仅有一种突变的差异,这表明最近的共同来源.
- 没有发现感染控制程序的违规行为或接触者之间的其他病例.
结论:
- 标准的隔离预防措施和完整的个人防护设备不足以防止在COVID-19大流行期间在ED环境中预防病房性麻疹传播.
- 卫生保健工作者接种疫苗和改善环境通风是预防麻疹传播和保护卫生保健人员和患者的关键互补策略.
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