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阿拉斯加黄油中的麻贝类毒素:清洁是否使它们安全食用?

R Wayne Litaker¹, Julie A Matweyou², Steven R Kibler³

¹CSS Inc. Under Contract to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.

|June 25, 2025

概括

在阿拉斯加,传统的黄油清洁方法对于清除危险的萨克西毒素 (STX) 是不可靠的. 即使在清洗后,食用含有高STX水平的黄油也会造成性贝类中毒 (PSP) 的重大风险.

科学领域:

海洋生物学海洋生物学
食品安全食品安全
毒理学毒理学毒理学

背景情况:

黄油贝 (Saxidomus gigantea) 是阿拉斯加原住民社区和休收割者的重要食物来源.
这些从亚历山大花的开花中积累了萨克西毒素 (STX),在消费时存在性贝类中毒 (PSP) 的风险.
传统的清洁方法,比如去除siphon,被认为可以使黄油安全,但由于可变的毒素分布,他们的有效性受到质疑.

研究的目的:

评估在阿拉斯加科迪亚克岛 (Kodiak Island) 实践的传统黄油清洁方法的有效性.
为了比较当前的发现与历史数据的STX污染的黄油从阿拉斯加东南部 (1948-1949).
评估使用收获清洁技术后食用黄油的PSP风险.

主要方法:

通过去除特定的组织来清洁黄油,模拟传统的收获实践.
在剩余的"可食用"组织中量化了saxitoxin (STX) 含量.
结果与历史的STX数据进行了比较,并计算了平均大小的成年人的消费风险.

主要成果:

没有一项经过测试的清洗方法可靠地降低了在黄油中的STX度低于法规限制,初始水平超过200微克STX等价物/100克.
从黄油中准备的食物中含有>900微克STX等价物/100克可食用组织,存在中度至重度PSP症状的重大风险.
该研究发现,没有任何清洁方法可以保证未经测试的黄油的安全性.

结论:

传统的黄油清洁方法不足以确保对萨克西托克辛 (STX) 污染的安全.
即使在清洗后,食用黄油也会带来严重的性贝类中毒 (PSP) 风险,如果毒素含量很高.
收获实践不能保证安全消费;对于可能被污染的黄油,需要进一步测试.

关键词:

萨克西多莫斯巨型动物 (Saxidomus gigantea) 是一个巨型的动物.麻性贝类中毒 (PSP) 是一种安全的消费安全的消费.为了维持生计,他们开始采摘.毒性风险有毒性风险

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