[人工智能 (AI) 在医疗保健中的实施:历史发展,当前技术和挑战]
Jill von Conta1, Merlin Engelke2,3, Fin H Bahnsen2
1Institut für Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) in der Medizin (IKIM), Universitätsmedizin Essen, Essen, Deutschland. jillmignon.vonconta@uk-essen.de.
概括
医疗保健中的人工智能 (AI) 从基本系统发展为先进的数据驱动的预防,诊断和治疗方法. 克服数据挑战是实现人工智能提高医疗保健质量和效率的关键.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 自20世纪60年代以来,医疗保健中的人工智能 (AI) 已经显著发展,从基于规则的系统过渡到复杂的数据驱动方法.
- 早期的人工智能应用专注于临床决策支持,现代系统利用神经网络和机器学习来识别大型健康数据集中的模式.
研究的目的:
- 审查AI在医疗保健中的历史发展和多样化的应用.
- 确定医疗领域内人工智能实施的挑战和未来趋势.
- 突出人工智能在提高医疗保健质量和效率方面的潜力.
主要方法:
- 对医疗保健中人工智能发展的历史分析.
- 人工智能应用的分类,分为预防,诊断,治疗和管理领域.
- 识别当前的挑战和未来的趋势,包括数据碎片化,标准化,隐私,偏见,基础模型和数据集成.
主要成果:
- 人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用包括预防,诊断,个性化治疗和行政优化.
- 关键的挑战包括分散和非标准化的健康数据,数据保护问题和算法偏见.
- 未来的趋势包括先进的基础模型,集成数据方法和个性化医疗.
结论:
- 人工智能通过先进的诊断,个性化治疗和优化操作,为改善医疗保健质量和效率提供了巨大的潜力.
- 解决数据互操作性,标准化和伦理考虑对于安全有效地实施人工智能至关重要.
- 研究,行业和决策者之间的密切合作对于AI在医疗保健中的可持续整合至关重要.
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