估计2023-2024年COVID-19疫苗在成年人中的有效性
Ruth Link-Gelles1,2, Elizabeth A K Rowley3, Stephanie A Irving4
1National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA network open
|June 25, 2025
概括
2023-2024年COVID-19疫苗提供了对医疗护理的COVID-19的保护,特别是严重疾病. 建议成年人接种疫苗,以保持对不断演变的SARS-CoV-2变种的有效性.
科学领域:
- 免疫学和传染病的研究
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 随着SARS-CoV-2的不断演变,人口免疫力的转变以及更新的COVID-19疫苗配方,需要持续监测疫苗有效性 (VE).
- 了解最新的COVID-19疫苗的VE对于公共卫生战略和疫苗推至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估2023-2024年COVID-19疫苗对COVID-19相关的急诊部 (ED) 和紧急护理 (UC) 遭遇,住院和严重疾病的疫苗有效性.
- 在SARS-CoV-2变种XBB和JN.1主导的时期评估VE.
主要方法:
- 从2023年9月21日到2024年8月22日,在6个美国医疗保健系统进行了一项测试负面设计的VE病例控制研究.
- 符合条件的参与者是18岁或以上的成年人,患有类似COVID-19的疾病,并接受了SARS-CoV-2测试. 病例患者的检测结果呈阳性,对照患者的检测结果呈阴性.
- 通过比较病例和对照患者的疫苗接种状态来估计VE.
主要成果:
- 在接种疫苗后7至299天期间,与COVID-19相关的ED/UC遭遇的VE为24% (95%CI,21%-26%).
- 在同一时期,针对COVID-19相关住院的VE为29% (95%CI,25%-33%),而针对危急疾病的VE为48% (95%CI,40%-55%).
- 疫苗接种后不久 (7-59天) 的有效性最高,并且随着时间的推移而减弱,ED/UC遭遇和住院治疗的负 VE 估计在接种后180-299天之间.
结论:
- 2023-2024年COVID-19疫苗证明了对医疗护理的COVID-19的额外有效性.
- 观察到的最高和最持久的有效性是针对危急疾病.
- 这些发现强调了为18岁及以上的成年人推的COVID-19疫苗接种的重要性.
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