高强度无氧运动对运动员和非运动员皮质电活动的影响
Élida Costa1,2, Mariana Gongora3, Juliana Bittencourt4
1Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
PloS one
|June 25, 2025
概括
现代五项体育运动员由于训练而表现出明显的皮质活动模式. 高强度运动对运动员和非运动员的认知处理和电皮质反应产生严重影响.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 运动员经常表现出与他们的运动相关的增强认知功能.
- 了解注意力处理的神经基础对于表现至关重要.
- 急性运动对认知功能的影响需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 通过电脑电图 (EEG) 检查现代五项体育运动员的信息处理.
- 识别涉及视觉注意力处理的皮质区域.
- 研究运动活动和急性高强度运动对认知功能和电皮质活动的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及29名参与者的比较研究 (13名现代五项运动员,16名非运动员).
- 使用EEG记录了Wingate无氧试验前后的皮质电活动.
- 参与者完成了眼动作任务,认知测试和生理测量.
主要成果:
- 在额头和脑电图活动 (F3,F4,P3,P4) 中,观察到组 (运动员与对照) 和时刻 (运动前与运动后) 之间的显著相互作用.
- 群体和瞬间的主要影响在正面电极和面电极上被发现,这表明皮质活动的差异.
- 运动员和非运动员在性能指标 (峰值功率,平均功率,疲劳指数) 和运动后反应时间方面存在差异.
结论:
- 现代五项体育运动员的慢性训练导致皮质活动的可观差异,特别是绝对阿尔法功率.
- 单次高强度运动 (温盖特测试) 严重影响运动员和非运动员的电皮质和行为反应.
- 这些发现突出了体育训练,急性运动和认知神经功能之间的相互作用.
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