肺部早期协调的免疫反应是有效控制SARS-CoV-2复制的必要条件
Klara Lenart1,2,3,4, Hendrik Feuerstein1,2,3, Mariana Prado Marmorato1,2,3
1Division of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nature communications
|June 25, 2025
概括
增强疫苗接种增强了对SARS-CoV-2变种的交叉反应性免疫力. 局部呼吸系统免疫反应,包括T细胞,对于防止Omicron再感染至关重要,指导未来的疫苗策略.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 尽管抗体减少,但对严重的SARS-CoV-2的保护仍然很高,但机制尚不清楚.
- 从疫苗和感染中预先存在的免疫力影响了对随后的SARS-CoV-2暴露的反应.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究SARS-CoV-2经验丰富的在双价疫苗激活后的免疫反应.
- 评估疫苗接种后对异种Omicron再感染的保护.
主要方法:
- 具有先前免疫力的 rhesus 被用双价 WA-1/Omicron BA.5 疫苗增强.
- 动物随后被Omicron XBB.1.5.5再次感染.
- 分析了呼吸道中的免疫细胞群和全身免疫.
主要成果:
- 增强疫苗接种增加了交叉反应尖峰 (S) 特定抗体和B细胞,而不是新的BA.5反应.
- 再感染显示病毒复制率较低,特别是在受保护的动物中.
- 被保护的动物在支气管膜空间中增强了S特异性IgG,单细胞,B细胞,T细胞和肺组织居住的CD8T细胞.
结论:
- 局部呼吸道免疫,包括组织内T细胞,是防止SARS-CoV-2再感染的关键.
- 增强疫苗接种策略应考虑诱导强大的局部免疫记忆.
- 这些发现有助于开发下一代SARS-CoV-2疫苗.
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