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相关概念视频

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Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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时间间和风险选择中的模糊性偏好:使用漂移-扩散建模的大规模研究.

Mingqian Guo1, Iris Ikink2,3,4, Karin Roelofs2,3

  • 1Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Thomas Van Aquinostraat 4, 6525GD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. mingqian.guo@ru.nl.

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概括

个人在决策中表现出对时间和概率模两可的持续厌恶. 这表明,模两可的偏好与不同类型的选择有关,甚至与不同的决策策略有关.

关键词:
模糊性 模糊性 模糊性漂移-扩散模型的模型.时间间的选择.有风险的选择选择.

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科学领域:

  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学

背景情况:

  • 现实世界的决策往往涉及奖励时间和概率的模糊性,与受控实验室设置不同.
  • 了解对模两可的厌恶对于解释经济和心理选择至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查时间模两可的厌恶和概率模两可的厌恶之间的关系.
  • 评估计算模型,包括漂移-扩散模型 (DDM),对于涉及模两可的选择.
  • 为了确定模两可的偏好是否在跨时间和风险决策领域一致.

主要方法:

  • 对一个大数据集 (N > 669) 的风险和时间间的选择进行了分析,其中含糊性不同.
  • 应用漂移扩散模型 (DDM) 来评估选择行为.
  • 属性智能和集成值计算模型的比较.

主要成果:

  • 在对时间模两可和概率模两可的厌恶之间发现了显著的正相关性 (r = .28).
  • 包含模糊性偏好的DDM在两个领域的表现明显优于没有的DDM.
  • 时间模两可的厌恶是通过属性明智的方法最好地建模的,而概率模两可的厌恶是通过综合值方法最好地建模的.

结论:

  • 模糊性偏好在时间和概率领域并不独立,表明跨领域的一致性.
  • 对于模两可的决策策略可能因选择领域而有所不同 (属性智能与集成值智能).
  • 这些发现支持使用具有模糊性参数的DDM来建模复杂的决策.