评估基于集团的机器学习模型用于诊断儿科急性尾炎:从回顾性观察研究的见解
Zeynep Kucukakcali1, Sami Akbulut1,2, Cemil Colak1
1Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, 44280 Malatya, Turkey.
Journal of clinical medicine
|June 26, 2025
概括
机器学习模型准确地分类了儿科急性尾炎 (AAP) 的亚型. 随机森林和XGBoost通过区分负面,不复杂和复杂的病例来改善诊断和患者的结果.
科学领域:
- 计算生物学和生物信息学
- 儿科外科和急诊医学.
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 儿童急性尾炎 (AAP) 诊断具有挑战性,错误分类可能会导致延迟治疗或不必要的手术.
- 准确地将AAP分为负面的,不复杂的和复杂的,这对于适当的儿科护理至关重要.
- 现有的AAP诊断方法需要改进,以提高准确性和患者的治疗结果.
研究的目的:
- 评估和比较五种机器学习 (ML) 模型的诊断准确性,用于分类儿科AAP亚型.
- 确定最有效的ML模型,以区分消极的,不复杂的和复杂的儿科尾炎.
- 评估特定实验室生物标志物的作用,以ML为基础的AAP的分类.
主要方法:
- 对590名被诊断患有AAP的儿科患者进行了回顾性分析.
- 包括人口统计数据和实验室参数 (CRP,WBC,中性粒细胞,淋巴细胞,尾直径) 作为特征.
- 使用交叉验证,对五个整体ML模型 (AdaBoost,XGBoost,随机梯度提升,袋式CART,随机森林) 的训练和测试.
主要成果:
- 随机森林获得了90.7%的准确性,100%的灵敏度和61.5%的特异性,用于负面与非复杂的AAP.
- 对于复杂的AAP,XGBoost表现出卓越的性能,准确度为97.3%,灵敏度为100%,特异性为78.3%.
- 中性粒细胞数量,尾直径和白细胞水平被确定为最有影响力的预测生物标志物.
结论:
- 机器学习模型,特别是Random Forest和XGBoost,在帮助儿科AAP诊断方面显示出显著的潜力.
- 基于ML的决策支持工具可以提高临床判断,从而提高诊断准确性和患者的治疗结果.
- 未来的研究应该专注于多中心验证,整合成像数据,并改善模型可解释性以获得临床采用.
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