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对55岁及以上成年人接种疫苗状态和接种后不良事件的基于人口的分析
Adrianna Frydrysiak-Brzozowska1, Beata Haor2, Agnieszka Pluta3
1Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Collegium Medicum, The Mazovian University in Plock, 04-920 Płock, Poland.
Journal of clinical medicine
|June 26, 2025
概括
波兰普洛克的老年人中COVID-19疫苗接种率很高,但流感和肺炎球菌疫苗的接种率较低. 妇女在接种疫苗后报告了更多不良事件,这表明需要针对性别的具体策略.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 老年人很容易感染流感,肺炎球菌感染和COVID-19等传染病.
- 疫苗接种对这一人口群体至关重要,但关于覆盖率和不良事件的数据有限.
- 了解老年人群的疫苗接种模式和不良事件对于公共卫生规划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估在波兰普洛克55岁以上的成年人中对COVID-19,流感和肺炎球菌病的疫苗接种率.
- 调查免疫接种后发生的疫苗接种后不良事件 (AEFI).
- 根据性别和年龄分析疫苗接种覆盖率和AEFI的差异.
主要方法:
- 一项基于人口的横截面研究,涉及2040名55岁及以上的成年人.
- 通过关于疫苗接种史 (过去3年) 和AEFI.结构化问卷收集的数据.
- 统计分析包括t测试,奇平方测试和皮尔森相关性 (p < 0.05).
主要成果:
- 接种COVID-19疫苗的比例为86.9%;流感的比例为45.5%;肺炎球菌的比例为15.1%.
- 女性在接种COVID-19疫苗后报告的不良事件比男性 (16.1%) 更多 (8.8%,p < 0.001).
- 年龄与COVID-19不良事件正相关 (r = 0.175,p < 0.001);男性的流感疫苗接种率更高 (50.7%与43.4%,p < 0.05).
结论:
- 在这个老年人群中,COVID-19疫苗接种覆盖率很高,但流感和肺炎球菌疫苗接种率低于最佳水平.
- 与男性相比,妇女在接种疫苗后经历的不良事件更多.
- 需要有针对性的疫苗接种策略和性别敏感的沟通来提高免疫率和解决问题.
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