国家预防和地方烟草控制:美国创新的限制和机会
Rishika Chakraborty1, Micah L Berman2, Y Tony Yang1,3
1Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement, School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
州的预防法律限制了当地烟草控制的努力. 然而,一些社区制定了地方政策,如无烟工作场所和青少年入口法律,即使在预防措施后,在公共卫生倡导方面也表现出了弹性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生法 公共卫生法
- 烟草控制政策 烟草控制政策
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 州的预防法律可以限制地方当局对公共卫生法规的限制.
- 在国家抢先行动的背景下,对当地烟草控制政策活动的研究有限.
- 了解这种动态对于有效的烟草控制战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查地方烟草控制政策活动之前,期间和之后的国家先发制.
- 分析国家预防措施对当地无烟工作场所,青少年准入和许可法律的影响.
- 鉴定地方政策创新的模式,尽管有先发制人的行为.
主要方法:
- 使用CDC的STATE系统 (1999-2021) 总结了州的先发制法.
- 美国人为非吸烟者权利基金会收集了有关当地立法活动的数据.
- 分析了与国家抢先行动的时间相关的当地政策采用趋势.
主要成果:
- 对于禁烟工作场所 (18个州),青少年准入 (21个州) 和许可 (13个州) 存在国家先发制.
- 在一些州的预防期间,制定了当地无烟和青少年准入法,尽管整体活动下降了.
- 地方许可法显示,尽管有州的先发制,但更一致的采用.
结论:
- 国家先发制约措施通常会减少当地烟草控制政策的活动.
- 一些地方在烟草控制方面取得了持续的进展,即使在先发制人的州法律下也是如此.
- 当地自治,如果允许的话,对于推进烟草控制倡议至关重要.
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